Objective: to validate the effect of plain kefir to immune response in streptozotocin induced hyperglycemia rats. Method: the experiment was using random design methodo logy to the pretest posttest control group of male and female in streptozotocin (STZ) induced hyperglycemia Wistar rats. Sample were divided randomly into four groups (1) insulin treated 0.76 UI/200 g body weight, (2) plain kefir 3.6 cc per day during 30 days, (3) positive control induced by STZ, (4) negative control normal group. Blood level were measured based on the full blood measurement from vena retroorbilitas 0.1 ml with microhematokrit in the first day (pretest) dan 30th day (posttest) with enzym atic methodology. Immune response sitokin (IL1, IL6, IL10, TNFa) were measured with ELISA. Data were managed with One Way Anova, Mann Whitney and Duncan in a significant level at (p < 0.05). Result: Kefir supplementation 3.6 cc per day had significantly effect on blood glucose sitokin proinflamasi (IL1, IL6, TNFa) and sitokin antiinflamasi (IL10). Statistical analysis showed glucose reduction 111, 00 + 44,23 ml (p<0,001) and sitokin proinflamasi IL1around 3,21 + 7,57 mU/mL (p<0,0018,62 + 23,59 and IL6 1) compare to control group. Though not significant, level of TNFa decreased 1,65 + 4,62 mU/mL, except control group. Conclusion: Kefir supplementation significantly reduced blood glucose, level of sitokin (IL1, IL6) and decreased level of TNFa, while l evel of IL10 increased if compare to control group.
Background: Macrophages play an important role as part of the innate immune response in the gut and they represent one of the first lines of nonspecific defense against bacterial invasion. Previous studies indicated that probiotics and prebiotics may act a s an immunomodulator agents. Nevertheless, research on the immunomodulatory effect of local materials has never been performed. Objective: To study the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum Mut7 and sweet potato fiber on the activity and Nitric Oxide (NO) pr oduction of peritoneal macrophages of Sprague Dawley rats. Method: Ninety six Sprague Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were divided into two groups; A (not infected with Salmonella typhimurium) and B (infected with S. typhimurium). Each group was divided into 4 su bgroups and assigned to standard AIN plantarum Mut7 (PRO), modified AIN-- 93M diet (KON), 109 CFU/ml of L. 93M diet with sweet potato fiber (PRE), and both component (SIN). After 3 weeks of treatment, 6 rats of each subgroup were sacrificed and the peritonea l macrophages were isolated and analyzed for its activity and NO production. The rest of the rats continued the treatments for another 2 weeks. At the end of the experiment, they were sacrificed and the peritoneal macrophage were isolated and analyzed for its activity and NO production. Results: Oral administration of L. plantarum Mut7, sweet potato fiber, or both improve phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophage which was indicated by an increase in the percentage of macrophages that phagocyte latex pa rticles (p<0.05) and an increase in the number of latex particles engulfed by macrophages either after 3 or 5 weeks of treatment (p<0.05). Oral administration of L. plantarum Mut7, sweet potato fiber, or both were unable to increase the nitric oxide produc tion after 3 weeks of treatment (p>0.05), but after 5 weeks of treatment the production of NO was significantly increased (p<0.05). Conclusion: L. plantarum Mut7, sweet potato fiber, or both increase the non response as they could improve specific immune the activity and NO production of peritoneal macrophages.
The quality of tempe is influenced by raw materials, processing and type of inoculum used. Black soybeans can be used as raw material for making tempe that has quality like tempe made from yellow soybeans. This study aims to de termine the effect of inoculum type and duration of incubation on the mold growth, organoleptic properties and antioxidant activity of black soybean tempe. This study uses mallika black soybean varieties as raw material for making tempe. Black soybeans tha t have been discarded skin, soaked and steamed, then mixed with inoculum derived from pure cultures of Rhizopus stolonifer, R. oligosporus and R. oryzae. After it was incubated for 24, 30, 36 and 42 hours at a temperature 25 27oC. The parameters were use d mold growth, organoleptic properties and antioxidant activity of black soybean tempe. Results showed the treatment inoculum type and duration of incubation, effect on mold growth, organoleptic properties and antioxidant activity. Mold growth increased up to 36hour long incubation, then decreased. Panelists gave the highest value in tempe that were incubated for 36 hours. There are a tendency long incubation tempe increased antioxidant activity. The conclusion of this research has the characteristics of R hizopus stolonifer relatively highest mold growth, organoleptic properties and antioxidant activity that compared to other types of mold at the old 30 incubation.
Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis patients are eventually poor nutritional status and lacking immune response. Chemotherapy using multi-drugs-TB is effective way to treat the disease, however probably there is negative effect on imbalance gut microflora. Inflammation due to pulmonary tuberculosis infection down-regulated nutrients synthesis and lowering appetite, therefore nutrient deficiency occurred. Objectives: The study objective is to analyze the efficacy of synbiotic and micro-nutrients supplements on nutritional status among treated adult pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients who suffered chronic energy deficiency after 2 months intervention. Methods: A double-blind randomized treatment-control trial design was used to carry out the study at two community TB Centers in Bandung and Garut. Forty three subjects suffered CED were selected from recruited 76 new cases of pulmonary TB patients aged 20-45 years old divided into two groups; the first group treated with milk based protein, synbiotic and micronutrients supplements (MSM); and the second group treated with milk based protein only (MO) as a control group. All patients received a standard TB therapy. Parameters of nutritional status (body weight, BMI, fat mass, hemoglobin, serum vit. A and serum zinc) were collected at baseline, after 1, 2 months of intervention. Data were analyzed the difference between and within group using parametric and non parametric statistic. Results: The results showed that in each group the end line nutritional status parameters were significantly better than the baseline nutritional status parameters (p<0.05), but not significantly different between the two groups (p>0,05). Conclusions: There was effect of the each supplement (MSM and MO) to improved nutritional status. A longer study with no milk based protein control group is required.
Background: Oxidative stress triggers the function and structure of pancreatic β cell damage in hyperglycemia through lipid peroxidation, proinflammatory cytokines modulation and interleukin-10. The available therapy so far has not been reaching an optimal of the blood glucose control. Kefir’s bioactive have potential as a supplement therapy. This study was aimed at validating the effect of plain kefir on glycemic, antioxidants status, immune response and pancreatic β cell regeneration of hyperglycemia Wistar Strain Rats induced by Streptozotocin (STZ). Materials and Method: The randomized pretest - posttest control group study design was conducted in male hyperglycemia Wistar rats induced by 40 mg / kg body weight streptozotocin (STZ) dissolved in 0,1 M buffer citrate pH 4,5. Rats were randomized into four groups, namely: (1) STZ-induced animals group and given insulin treatment UI/200 0.76 g bw, (2) STZ-induced animals group and given treatment plain kefir 3.6 cc/200 g bw/day for 30 days, (3) STZ-induced animals group (non-STZ induced) as a positive control (ad libitum), (4) normal animals group as a negative control (ad libitum). Blood glucose was measured by enzymatic method. Antioxidants status (SOD, GPX) were measured by ELISA. Catalase was measured by Spectrofometry. Lipid peroxide was measured MDA-TBARs by spectrofotometry. Immune response (cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF?, IL10) were measured by ELISA. Pancreatic histology was observed by immunohistochemistry. Data were analyzed by One Way Anova, Mann Whitney test, Duncan, Ancova with significance level p<0.05. Result: Plain kefir supplementation 3.6 cc / day affect significantly on blood glucose, antioxidants (SOD, Catalase, GPX), lipid peroxidation (MDA), and pancreatic β-cells regeneration. Statistical analysis showed respectively decrease of glucose (p<0.001), MDA (p<0.001), level of proinflamatory cytokines (IL1, IL6,) (p<0.001), except of controls. Antioxidant capacity showed increase of catalase, GPx (p<0.001) and SOD (p<0.05). Similarly, there was increased of IL10 (p<0.05) and the normal cells pancreatic β expression (p<0.001), except of control. TNFα was reduced. Ancova test showed MDA and IL10 were the most contributed to the pancreatic β cells regeneration by 91.0% and 9% determined by TNF-α, antioxidants, blood glucose, body weight. Probiotics kefir were found in as many as 106-109 cfu / mL and declined to 105 as the decrease in pH during storage. Conclusion and recommendation: Kefir supplementation about 3.6 cc/ day has significantly decreased (1) blood glucose, (2) lipid peroxide (MDA),(3) level of cytokines ( IL1, IL6) and (4) enhanced IL10 and (5) antioxidants capacity (SOD, Catalase, GPx) and (6) normal pancreatic β cell expression. Insulin and kefir descriptively reduced TNF α level. It is necessary to disclose underlying biomolecular mechanism and characterization of plain kefir probiotics before applying clinically to diabetic patients.
The school-aged years are a critical time for delivering nutrition education to children because that is the time that cognitive-motivational processes emerge as an important influence on food choices. Conventional methods of delivering nutritional message emphasize on knowledge acquisition; however, experiential knowledge is more effective to promote healthy eating behavior among children. The current study used self-regulatory approach and social cognitive learning technique to develop nutrition education program for 3rd and 4th grades mid-low income children. Until now, there has not been any study on nutrition education in Indonesia that focuses on developing skills and behaviors related to areas of food and eating habits. The general objective of the study is to identify the effectiveness of the program by assessing dietary intake as a combined measure of children’s self-regulation of food choice, children’s self-motivation, and maternal self-efficacy on the home food environment. Based on formative study, culturally tailored and age-appropriate inclass lessons adapted from Indonesian food dietary guidelines were designed for mid- to lowincome children in an urban area of Jakarta. Students received 24 in-class sessions, 45 minutes each session twice a week, for a 12-week intervention taught by nutrition professionals. Both school teachers and parents were involved in the program. Outcome evaluations were studied using a quasi-experimental design with the intervention (n=137) and comparison (n=120) groups combined for three assessment periods: pre-intervention, post-intervention and follow-up (12 weeks after post-intervention). Participants were pair of children and their mothers. To answer the research questions, a multiple group structural equation model (SEM) with a structured mean analysis was used. The results suggest that nutrition education program with a self-regulatory approach had a significant effect in improving children’s self-regulatory behaviors in terms of food choice and maternal self-efficacy on home food environment. The results also showed that the program had a significant sustainable effect in terms of improving children’s dietary intakes. Using self-regulatory model, the results suggest that there are two approaches to implement the program. One approach is to modify maternal self-efficacy on the home food environment to improve children’s self-motivation and their dietary intake; another is to directly modify children’s self-regulation of food choice to improve their dietary intake.