Evidence suggests that adolescence is a critical period in determining adulthood obesity and its complications. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2013 reveals that prevalence overweight/obesity in adolescence in West Sumatera reaches 7,3% and prevalence on adult reaches 26.2%. (Riskesdas, 2013). Obesity is a highly heritable desease that is controlled by interaction between genetic and environmental factors (Qi, 2014). Environmental predispositions (diet, physical inactivity) are thought to be the traditional risk factors for obesity. Recently, gut microbiota has been proposed as an environmental factor responsible for the weight gain and the changed energy metabolism that accompanies the obese state (Tehrani et al., 2012). The FTO genotype alone only contributes for a small proportion of the variance in these phenotypes. The actual influence of FTO will only become apparent by further investigation of its interaction with environmental factors such as dietary patterns, physical activities and gut microbiota profile. There is no previous study on association of genetic variations FTO rs9939609 with obesity and the modiying effect of environmental factors such as diet, physical activity and gut microbiota profile on adolescence of Minangkabau ethnic.
The objective of this study is to investigate association between FTO rs 9930609 variants with obesity in adolescent girls of Minangkabau ethnic, and if any, whether this assosiation is affected by environment factors (dietary patterns, physical activity, and gut microbita profile). The cross sectional study design will be chosen, and the subjects are adolescents girls (ages 12- 15 years old). Subjects are divided into two groups of obese and non obese using BMI-for-age cut-offs from the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts. Genetic variants of FTO rs 9939609 are analyzed with Resriction Fragment Lenght Polymophism (RFLP), dietary patterns are assessed by semi quantitatif Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), physical activity are assessed by the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQC), and gut microbiota profiles are assessed with quantitative Real time PCR (qPCR). The allele frequencies in obesity cases are compared to those in controls using chi-square test or Fisher's exact probability test, if applicable. Statistical test for interaction are performed using regression model (linear or logistic) that include genotype, BMI, waist circumference, body fat percentage, nutrien intake, physical activity and gut microbiota profile. Associations of FTO rs9939609 with obesity and interaction of the dietary patterns, physical activities and gut microbiota profile are analyzed with multivariate logistic regression. All the analyses are performed using SPSS for Windows, version 17.0. A p-value <0.05 is considered to be statistically significant
The expected output is to identify varians of the FTO rs 9939609 genotype related to obesity and the environment factors that modifying this association, which can be used as database for obesity management and prevention based on genetic (individual), particularly on dietary planning. Outcome of this study is a model of genetic-based obesity management. The result of this study is expected to be an input for health professionals to adapt body weight management and dietary nurturing with genetic predisposition.
